华人生死学
试析安宁病房中过渡性慰藉物的价值
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泰康燕园康复医院

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Transitional objects in hospice careLu Xiaoya, Li zizhen, Liu Qian
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    摘要:

    慰藉物是指个体通过情感投射而依赖的特定物品,通常用于在压力、焦虑或陌生环境中提供心理安抚和安全感。它可以是毛毯、玩具、饰品,甚至是一首歌或一段记忆。上世纪英国心理学家温尼科特发现了这一现象,并提出了“过渡性客体”(Transitional Object)理论,认为这类物品帮助儿童从“完全依赖母亲”过渡到“独立个体”。比如毛绒玩具象征母亲的存在,帮助孩子适应分离。本文作者通过在安宁病房长期观察,发现一些患者也将毛绒玩具等慰藉物带入了病房。临终作为生与死之间的过渡状态,安宁病房中的慰藉物,可以舒缓这一过渡状态中的角色撕裂、身心痛苦和死亡焦虑等。这一发现有助于丰富安宁疗护照护品质的理论工具和实践工具。

    Abstract:

    Comfortable objects refer to specific items that individuals rely on through emotional projection, usually used to provide psychological comfort and a sense of security in stressful, anxious, or unfamiliar environments. It can be a blanket, toy, accessory, or even a song or a memory. In the last century, British psychologist Winnicott discovered this phenomenon and proposed the "Transitional Object" theory, which suggests that such objects help children transition from "complete dependence on their mother" to "independent individuals". For example, plush toys symbolize the presence of a mother and help children adapt to separation. The author of this article found through participant observation in the long-term observation in the hospice care ward, it is found that some patients also brought comfort items such as plush toys into the ward. Dying is regarded as the transitional state between life and death. Comfort items in this setting could alleviate disfunction of, end-of-life care provides comfort in the hospice care, which can alleviate the tearing of social roles, physical and mental pain, and death anxiety during this transitional state. This discovery contributes to enriching the theoretical theory and practical tools for improving the quality of palliative care.

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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-25
  • 最后修改日期:2025-05-25
  • 录用日期:2025-06-23
  • 在线发布日期: 2025-06-24
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  • 张孟镇